The paper presents the role of economic evaluation in agricultural research on the case of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy. The issues such as production technology, crop rotation, farming systems, the level of farm production sustainability and the possibilities of producing biomass for energetic purposes need to be evaluated and economically analysed. It was concluded that economic evaluation can provide an objective assessment of the results of agricultural research and seems to be useful in selecting an appropriate management system and the best trends and directions for production technology.