on the probability distribution of daily streamflow in the united states
;A. G. Blum;A. G. Blum;S. A. Archfield;R. M. Vogel
materials research bulletin2017Vol. 21pp. 3093-3103
127
blum2017hydrologyon
Abstract
Daily streamflows are often represented by flow duration curves (FDCs), which
illustrate the frequency with which flows are equaled or exceeded. FDCs have
had broad applications across both operational and research hydrology for
decades; however, modeling FDCs has proven elusive. Daily streamflow is a
complex time series with flow values ranging over many orders of magnitude.
The identification of a probability distribution that can approximate daily
streamflow would improve understanding of the behavior of daily flows and the
ability to estimate FDCs at ungaged river locations. Comparisons of modeled
and empirical FDCs at nearly 400 unregulated, perennial streams illustrate
that the four-parameter kappa distribution provides a very good
representation of daily streamflow across the majority of physiographic
regions in the conterminous United States (US). Further, for some regions of
the US, the three-parameter generalized Pareto and lognormal distributions
also provide a good approximation to FDCs. Similar results are found for the
period of record FDCs, representing the long-term hydrologic regime at a
site, and median annual FDCs, representing the behavior of flows in a typical
year.