Along with other religious from the Order of San Francisco, and with the support of the exemplary Juan de Zumarraga, fray Martin Sarmiento de Hojacastro, not only would become General Commissioner of the Order of San Francisco in the New Spain, but it also become titular of the Bishopric of Tlaxcala Puebla, initiating a tough fight against abuses of the encomenderos over the Indians. This research aims to show, by the historical and legal documentary technique, part of the work of this eminent prelate in shaping not only the city of Puebla de los Angeles, but his protection of indigenous.