In this paper, the problems concerning endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training are analyzed, and the types, effect evaluation, and limitations of simulation training on ERCP are presented. It is suggested that simulation training can improve the ERCP learning curve, allow the beginners to quickly master the basic operation skills, reduce the minimum number of cases before independent operation, and decrease the risks and complications of operation, thus improving the training effect and promoting the clinical application of ERCP.