Antibacterial electrospun nanofibers based on cyclodextrin (CD) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were produced by solution electrospinning from aqueous and DMF solutions using different Ag contents. CD molecules acted as the reducing agent and catalyzed the formation of Ag-NPs. The nanofibers with smaller diameters were observed for the fibers generated from DMF solutions than those produced from aqueous solutions. TEM and STEM analyses revealed the Ag-NPs (∼2-5 nm depending on solvent-type and Ag loading) in nanofibers, while FTIR and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analyses showed the apparent frequency shift of OH stretching band and the enhancement of Raman bands of CD molecules with the incorporation of the Ag-NPs. The polycrystalline structure of the Ag-NPs was shown by XRD and SAED analyses over {111}, {200}, {220} and {311} planes. The nanofibers showed significant inhibition against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus owing to the antibacterial activity of the Ag-NPs.