The issue of environmental safety of factories engaged in production of building materials has close links with emissions of harmful substances into the environment. Formaldehyde is a component of timber products and thermal insulation materials. In the article, the author analyzes the environment in several Russian regions accommodating the enterprises that consume formaldehyde in the course of their production processes. Moreover, the areas occupied by the enterprises and the safety of their products are also analyzed. In particular, the author analyzes surface flows and the air inside residential houses, soil layers, as well as the indoor air of factories. Methods of research applicable to each component of the environment are described in detail. The findings are pre-sented as tables and charts. The author presents photomicrographs and radiographs of the soil and building materials containing formaldehyde. The author insists on immediate reduction of the use of phenol formaldehyde resins. The findings serve as the basis for three groups of actions focused on reduction of phenol-formaldehyde binders: 1) abandonment of use of binders (for example, some wood-based bio-composites), 2) replacement of toxic components of binders (new polymeric and mineral types of binders), and 3) injection of special additives (including atomic particle size additives) of phenolformaldehyde resins or surface treatment of ready products using special compositions (whereby emissions are reduced using chemi-sorption effects).
Вопрос экологической безопасности предприятий строительных материалов вплотную связан с эмиссиями вредных веществ в окружающую среду. Одним из таких веществ является формальдегид, входящий в состав связующих для материалов на основе древесины и теплоизоляционных изделий. Проведен анализ компонентов окружающей среды в районах расположения предприятий, использующих в производстве формальдегидосодержащие компоненты. Кроме того, исследованы территории предприятий и их продукция. Сделаны выводы о необходимости минимизации использования фенолоформальдегидных смол.