With globalisation, the set of representations is called into question, and the relations between cultures change radically. There is a new sphere of cultural interaction and of new realities with new representations. According to Burhan Ghalioun, to understand the global competition that defines partners and adversaries, this new sphere of cultural interaction requires a geostrategic and geopolitical reading. The rupture of the established geopoliticaland geocultural order calls into question the positions and the advantages acquired, which reinforce the feeling of threat and uncertainty. In this war of representations on a world scale, there emerges the need for orientation, but also for legitimisation. For the author, two different but complementary processes are developing to redefine the spaces and the criteria of inclusion and exclusion: the first one, of a geostrategic and political nature, and the second one, ideological and symbolic. In this process, the new representation of the world of Islam is the product of a cultural and identity reduction.