Magnetic materials usually exhibit advanced performance in many areas for their easy separating and recycle ability. In this study, silver iodide/copper ferrite (AgI/CuFeO) catalysts with excellent magnetic property were successfully synthesized and characterized by a series of techniques. Two typical bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were applied to estimate the photocatalytic inactivation performance of obtained AgI/CuFeO catalysts. Results revealed that the AgI/CuFeO (12.5% AgI) composite could absolutely inactivate 3 × 10 CFU/mL E. coli and 2.7 × 10 CFU/mL S. aureus cells severally in 50 min and 40 min under visible light irradiation, which showed a much higher photo-disinfection activity than monomers. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the biocidal action of this nanocatalyst, the results confirmed that the treated E. coli cells were damaged, the nanocatalyst permeated into cells and resulting in death of cells. Besides, it was found that the destruction of bacterial membrane together with substantial leaked potassium ion (K) which caused by the photo-generated reactive species superoxide radical (O) and holes (h) could be the direct disinfection principles. For a deep insight into practical applications, the influences of different catalyst concentrations and reaction pH were also taken into discussion in details. The overall results indicated the novel photocatalyst with strong redox capacity and outstanding reusability can be widely employed in bacteria elimination.