The goal of the article is a theoretical study of the professional and qualification structure of labour resources of industrial enterprises, identification of directions of optimisation of the professional and qualification composition of the personnel and analysis of the processes of education and advanced training at enterprises. The article marks out qualification levels of professional training of labour resources, presents statistical data on training and advanced training of labour resources by types of economic activity in 2011, considers the professional and qualification structure of the personnel of industrial enterprises of the Kharkiv region, identifies ways and conditions of advanced training of the personnel at individual enterprises, marks out problems of availability of qualified labour at enterprises and analyses main directions of the personnel policy of enterprises with respect to optimisation of the professional and qualification structure of labour resources.