Among many important advances in the management of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke are: the updated definition of TIA; risk stratification scores for TIA; the urgent diagnostic and treatment process for TIA; thrombectomy treatment for large vessel occlusive ischaemic stroke; cryptogenic stroke evaluation and treatment, including long-term monitoring for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; and strategies to improve outcomes for patients including mirror therapy for neglect and timing of mobilisation after stroke. Future research will focus on: antiplatelet strategies after TIA; selecting patients for treatment with recanalisation therapies in an extended time window; uncovering the cause of strokes previously defined as cryptogenic; and better defining the optimal timing and dose of mobilisation after stroke.