Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are rare lesions, usually without typical clinical manifestations. This article summarizes the clinicopathological features and surgical treatment of common cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, including serous cystic neoplasm (SCN), mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN). The clinicopathological features are independent prognostic factors for patients. More attention should be paid to correct diagnosis and appropriate surgical strategy for each cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.