This paper discusses the possibilities and limitations in the dissemination of evidence-based practice in education (EBE) in Poland, focusing on a number of issues relevant to the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in education. The first refers to the essence of this concept and its relationship to other instruments used in professional practice: evaluation and action research. The second is the problem of data identification, which may be given the status of “evidence.” The article concludes with a discussion of opportunities for teacher professional development created by EBP.