Modified function projective lag synchronization (MFPLS) of uncertain hyperchaotic dynamical systems with the same or different dimensions and structures is studied. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a general theorem for controller designing, parameter update rule designing, and control gain strength adapt law designing is introduced by using adaptive control method. Furthermore, the scheme is applied to four typical examples: MFPLS between two five-dimensional hyperchaotic systems with the same structures, MFPLS between two four-dimensional hyperchaotic systems with different structures, MFPLS between a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system and a three-dimensional chaotic system and MFPLS between a novel three-dimensional chaotic system, and a five-dimensional hyperchaotic system. And the system parameters are all uncertain. Corresponding numerical simulations are performed to verify and illustrate the analytical results.