Objectives: Purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship and effects of family power structure, marital conflicts, and their components on mental health in male retirees of education in Alborz Province. Methods & Materials: In this research, a total of 341 male retirees of Alborz’s education department were selected by available sampling method. Research tools included general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), power structure in family and marital conflicts. The obtained information was separately analyzed by Cranach α Coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise regression. Results: This research showed that there were significant negative correlations between family power structure (r=-0.527, P=0.000), scope and power of the family (r=-0.437, P=0.000), the power of family (r=0.484, P=0.000), mode power couple (r=-0.414, P=0.000), alliances and coalitions (r=-0.411, P=0.000), and leadership (r=-0.479, P=0.000) with mental health. There were significant positive correlations between marital conflicts (r=0.56, P=0.000), increase in child support (r=0.46, P=0.000), and increase relationship with relatives (r=0.435, P=0.000), decrease relationships with the wife’s relative (r=0.432, P=0.000), separating financial matters (r=0.448, P=0.000), reduction of working between couples (r=0.432, P=0.000), increased emotional reactions (r=0.564, P=0.000), decreased sex (r=0.372, P=0.000), and reduction in effective communication (r=0.506, P=0.000) with mental health. Increased emotional reactions (P=0.000), the power of family (P=0.000), scope and power of the family (P=0.000), decreaed sex (P=0.008), reduction in effective communication (P=0.000), alliances and coalitions (P=0.014) and reduce in relationship with the wife’s relatives (P=0.022) can predict mental health of retirees. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that power structure of family and marital conflicts can affect mental health of male retirees. And more unequal power structure of family and more marital conflicts can lead to decrease in mental health of male retirees.