Rural development based on management sub-centres. The example of Musambira. The presence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis infection has been investigated in 3 ranches of the Shaba region. A total of 275 sexually active buIls has been examined using the direct immunofluorescence technique on preputial washings. From these 275 buIls 67 (24.3 %) were found to be infected. The technique of direct immunofluorescence proved to be very usefull under tropical conditions because smears could be prepared from the preputial washings in the field, fixed and stored for months before being examined in a specialized laboratory. Suggestions for prevention and treatment are briefly discussed.