This article aims to explain in general terms, the analysis of the use of banks of genetic profiles for criminal prosecution purposes in Brazil through the advent of Law 12,654 / 2012 and through the principles of bioethics , international documents, principles and guarantees constitutional and human rights , seeking to emphasize the importance of using this forensic tool and technology to fight crime in Brazil. Moreover, through critical reflection , we seek to analyze the legal instrument focusing on the Brazilian criminal law and forensic genetics , through the study of human identification. At the end , we seek a conclusion on the effectiveness of this technology in the criminal context