The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed by serum biomarkers is usually at late stages, and the five-year survival rate of HCC is extremely low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and noninvasive biomarker that can detect HCC at an early stage and to explore a new strategy for the treatment of HCC. Abundant evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNA)s is involved in the development and progression of HCC, and it can be a sensitive biomarker for the detection of HCC and a new target for the treatment of HCC. The article introduces the application of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, and believes that the diagnosis and treatment strategy for HCC based on miRNAs has great potential in clinical application, yet remains to be studied.