Objectives: To identify in the literature the nursing care in the hemodialysis room, as well as to evaluate the patient needs in the hemodialysis treatment. Method: Bibliographic study of descriptive origin with exploratory investigation. The search was carried out at the bases: Scielo, Bireme and Google academic, from 2010 to 2016, using the descriptors: nursing, care, hemodialysis. Results: Forty-eight articles were found and the final sample comprised 16. It was noticed that the nursing care in the hemodialysis room is very important for the safety and protection of the patients, who during the session should be observed, due to the risks that it offers. It is understood that the patient's need in hemodialytic treatment is to undergo various restrictions and be accompanied by a multidisciplinary team always aiming at the comfort and safety of the patient. Conclusion: Therefore the changes that exist in the life of the chronic renal patient are several, such as fear of death, feel excluded from living with friends, gain weight because the body can not excrete toxins and liquids, and are indefinitely imprisoned to the dialysis machine.