In the hypothalamus, there are nuclei of autonomic nervous system, as well endocrine system, and vitally important centers — of hunger, saturation, thermoregulation, sleep and wakefulness. Under the influence of traumatic brain injuries, neuroinfections and poisons, this complex integral system is often disturbed causing dysfunction of the hypothalamus. The prepared guidelines observe questions of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of hypothalamic dysfunction. In terms of therapy, a main emphasis is put on physiological approaches to the normalization of hypothalamic disorders. Particular attention is paid to the formulation of diagnosis according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems that has a significant importance for the regulation of statistical statements. Guidelines are intended for endocrinologists, neuropathologists, cardiologists, general practitioners and family doctors.