The Safavid regime formed under conditions when the Ottoman Empire in the west and Uzbek Khans in the east of Iran sought to enter into fight. Geographical differences and religious conflicts led to long-time warfare between the Safavid regime and these two regional powers. These conflicts affected a large part of Iran’s geographical regions, leading to economic and social damages for the residents. The main part in this article is to comprehend and reveal the level of damages caused to some economic substructures and urban and rural structures by the wars during the Safavid era in the eastern and western parts. Based on this, the main question in this research is: What are the effects of the enemy’s attacks and the defensive policies of the Safavid government on the economic and population models in Iran? The methodology of this research is based on description, analysis and deduction from historical data. The findings show that continuation of the wars and attacks by the enemies along with the defensive policies by the Safavid government had a major effect on the destruction of economic structures and reduction of the population in the region. As a result, the production process slowed down in Iran.