Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become one of the leading causes of death and functional impairment in the world. Hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It was speculated that miRNAs in peripheral blood were a primary parameter in discriminating CHD. The biological characteristics of coronary heart disease with hyperglycemia (HCHD) and coronary heart disease with euglycemia (ECHD) were investigated in the study. Circulating miRNAs from 26 HCHD patients and 42 ECHD patients were identified by microarrays. Compared with the healthy patients, 15 and 20 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in HCHD and ECHD groups, respectively. Gene ontology analysis was carried out by DAVID and functional annotations of the miRNA targets related to ATP binding, cellular components, protein binding, RNA binding, DNA binding, and so on. KEGG database was used for pathway analysis. Eleven pathways were identified in both HCHD and ECHD groups. Furthermore, 13 and 3 pathways were only identified in HCHD or ECHD group, respectively. And then, miRNA-gene regulatory networks were constructed to study the relationship between differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. This suggested that hsa-let-7c-5p and hsa-miR-24-3p might have the most important function for hyperglycemia in coronary heart disease patients.