First, concepts of different types of resampling will be introduced with simple examples. Next,..software applications for resampling are illustrated. Contrary to popular beliefs, many resampling tools are..available in standard statistical applications such as SAS and SyStat. Resampling can also be performed in..spreadsheet programs such as Excel. Last but not least, arguments for and against resampling are discussed...I propose that there should be more than one way to construe probabilistic inferences and that counterfactual..reasoning is a viable means to justify use of resampling as an inferential tool.