Ali Guner, Arif Burak Cekic Department of General Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Farabi Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey Abstract: Although it is clinically asymptomatic in some cases, pilonidal sinus disease may also present as a complicated disease, characterized by multiple sinus tracts, leading to severe impairment of patient quality of life. Although clinical studies of pilonidal sinus have been conducted for approximately a century, the gold standard for treatment is undefined. The ideal treatment requires a shorter hospital stay, requires less wound care, results in rapid recovery, maintains quality of life, and has low recurrence rates. In this review, we aim to discuss the challenges and possible solutions for the management of pilonidal sinus disease. Keywords: pilonidal sinus disease, surgery, management, complications, recurrence