This article presents, based on the analysis of the contemporary Portuguese novel Lourenço Marques (2002), by Francisco José Viegas, some considerations about the constitution of the memory and the identities shaped in the postcolonial context that reached Africa of Portuguese language and the post Carnation Revolution, in Portugal. It is highlighted, firstly, the verification and cataloging of contemporary novels published in Portuguese in the last two decades and that establish relations with the recent historical memory of countries held on totalitarian regimes. Following, there is the analysis of the novel Lourenço Marques as a narrative that configures such elements.