Objective: To observe the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the basis of laparoscopic operation on colorectal carcinoma patients, serum CEA, CA242, CA19-9, CA724, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels. Methods: A total of 120 cases of colorectal carcinoma in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into control group and observation group, with each group of 60 patients. All patients were given laparoscopic operation, the patients in the observation group were given neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFOX4 regimen) four cycles before laparoscopic surgery, fasting venous blood before and after treatment in the morning was taken and centrifuged, and the serum CA242, CA19-9, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were measured by ELISA, and the serum CEA levels were measured by MEIA, and the serum CA724 levels were measured by ECLI, and compared with those of the two groups. Results: (1) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the serum CEA, CA242, CA19-9 and CA724 levels between the two groups. After treatment, compared with the same group before treatment, the serum CEA, CA242, CA19-9 and CA724 levels of the two groups were significantly lower, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups; (2) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the serum ICAM-1, VCAM-1 levels between the two groups. After treatment, compared with the same group before treatment, the serum ICAM-1, VCAM-1 levels of the two groups were significantly lower, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The treatment of colorectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with laparoscopic operation can effectively reduce serum CEA, CA242, CA19-9, CA724, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels, indicating that the program can regulate cancer-related tumor markers and the expression of relative factors, to promote the recovery of patients with autoimmune system, ease the patient's condition, safe and reliable, worthy of clinical application.