Michiko Yamamoto, Akira Takakura, Noriyuki MasudaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, JapanAbstract: Amrubicin is a totally synthetic anthracycline anticancer agent that acts as a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor. Amrubicin has been approved in Japan for the treatment of lung cancer, and the results from clinical studies of amrubicin as a single agent or as part of combination regimens for lung cancer, particularly for small cell lung cancer, conducted in Japan and overseas have been promising. Amrubicin should be included among new treatment strategies especially for chemoresistant patients. Here, preclinical, pharmacological, and clinical data on the use of amrubicin for the treatment of small cell lung cancer are reviewed.Keywords: amrubicin, anthracycline, small-cell lung cancer, extensive disease