This inquiry is a theoretical approach to various epistemological constructions which are in the historical development of Education and Pedagogy. It is the incursion in a variety of cultural places to decipher the epochal and discursive signs that account for different positions that show various training programs and conceptions of humanity. This is why the genealogical trip to the scene of invention of Paideia in Ancient Greece is considered essential. Especially because it is an opportunity to find the enunciations of sophistry, maieutics and dialectics. This itinerary also includes the opening of the educational ideas of the European Enlightenment. It is an emerging time marked by great social transformations that have an important influence on the processes of Revolution of Independence and political and educational ideals that were born from Latin America. Thus, from a documentary view, unfolds a methodological approach based on critical hermeneutics that enables to understand the currents of ideas in this part of the continent that give rise to intellectual liberation. In this regard, it is underlined that genealogy as an epistemological strategy gives the opportunity to discover the diatribes and controversies that arise in historical events. That is why it is convenient to include in the conclusions the need to assume the historicity of pedagogical knowledge, the epochal and discursive changes, the rotation of globalization and the irreverent gesture that feeds the utopia and the liberating Latin American pedagogical thinking.