Rational planning of spares configuration project is an effective approach to improve equipment availability as well as reduce life cycle cost (LCC). With an analysis of various impacts on support system, the spares demand rate forecast model is constructed. According to systemic analysis method, spares support effectiveness evaluation indicators system is built, and then, initial spares configuration and optimization method is researched. To the issue of discarding and consumption for incomplete repairable items, its expected backorders function is approximated by Laplace demand distribution. Combining the (s−1, s) and (R, Q) inventory policy, the spares resupply model is established under the batch ordering policy based on inventory state, and the optimization analysis flow for spares configuration is proposed. Through application on shipborne equipment spares configuration, the given scenarios are analyzed under two constraint targets: one is the support effectiveness, and the other is the spares cost. Analysis reveals that the result is consistent with practical regulation; therefore, the model’s correctness, method’s validity as well as optimization project’s rationality are proved to a certain extent.