The pathogenesis of Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy is not fully clear. Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy is lack of sustained and effective drug treatment at present. As target cells and effect cells, orbital fibroblasts are involved in the pathological processes of remodeling, inflammation and immune response in orbit tissue. The present review focuses on the study of orbital fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of thyroid related ophthalmopathy, discusses the future orientation in this field of treatment.