Objective: To explore the clinical significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), a tire protein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in the postoperative treatment of patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: 210 cases of patients with ovarian cancer after initial treatment from January 2015 to December 2015, 232 cases of patients with ovarian benign tumor and 250 cases of healthy women were selected, CEA, CA199, AFP, HCG, CA153 and CA125 levels were detected, and the levels after chemotherapy in patients with ovarian carcinoma were detected. Results: CEA, CA199, AFP, HCG, CA153 and CA125 levels in patients with ovarian cancer were (12.37±7.43) ng/mL, (84.04±26.96) U/mL, (37.46±9.47) μg/L, (110.54±35.51) IU/L, (51.23±9.20) U/mL and (64.36±42.68) U/ mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in normal controls and patients with benign ovarian lesions, and were considered to be statistically significant. Chemotherapy after two cycles, CEA, CA199, AFP, HCG, CA153 and CA125 levels in patients with ovarian cancer were significantly lower than that before chemotherapy, and were considered to be statistically different. Chemotherapy after four cycles, CEA, CA199, AFP, HCG, CA153 and CA125 levels in patients with ovarian cancer continue to decrease, and were significantly lower than that of chemotherapy after two cycles, and had statistical differences. Conclusion: CEA, CA199, AFP, HCG, CA153 and CA125 can be used as important indicators for monitoring the chemotherapy effects, early recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer.