Objective To screen the risk factors influencing the short-term prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI),with an attempt to provide clues for improving early diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data of 1337 patients with ACI,who had been hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine enrolled from August 1st,2005 to July 31st,2008,were retrospectively analyzed.Factors which would likely influence the outcome of ACI were collected,and those which showed statistical significance by One-Way ANOVA analysis were screened,followed by further logistic regression analysis to obtain the independent risk factors which were related to 1-month outcome of these patients.Results Among the 1337 patients,a favorable outcome was found in 1023 patients,and in 314 patients there was no obvious improvement.A total of 34 factors which might influence the outcome of ACI patients,including demographic features,severity of disease at admission,medical history and complications,were collected.The logistic regression analysis finally showed 2 factors,i.e.progressive stroke(OR=0.20,95%CI 0.12~0.33) and urinary tract infection(OR=0.38,95%CI 0.22~0.66),were the independent risk factors,out of 7 factors which showed statistical significance in One-Way ANOVA analysis(www.clinicaltrial.gov ID: NCT00966316).Conclusion Prevention of progressive stroke and urinary tract infection might be the key for improvement of one-month outcome in ACI patients.