Hong Zhou,1,2 HaiXin Qian1 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Objective: To investigate enteral nutrition’s effect on serum inflammatory factors and the cardiac function of malnourished elderly patients with heart failure.Patients and methods: A total of 105 elderly patients with heart failure were randomly divided into 3 groups: Treatment Group A, Treatment Group B, and the Control Group (Group C), each group having 35 patients and being administered conventional heart failure treatment. Group A was treated with 500 mL·d-1 of enteral nutrition for 1 month. Group B was given the same dose of enteral nutrition for 3 months. The Control Group was given free diet. Nutritional risk screening 2002 was used to assess the nutritional status before and after the treatment for each group. New York Heart Association status was recorded as were left ventricular ejection fraction, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, inteleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α.Results: After the treatment, the body mass index, skinfold thickness of upper arm triceps, muscle circumference of the upper arm, upper arm muscle circumference, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and left ventricular ejection fraction in the treatment groups all increased, with relatively obvious relief of symptoms of heart failure. The levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein all rose to different extents (P<0.05) and Treatment Group B showed more obvious improvement (P<0.01). Differences shown by the Control Group in each nutrition indicator, serum levels of inflammatory factors, and cardiac function had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusion: The use of enteral nutrition in conventional treatment of elderly patients with heart failure could improve not only patients’ nutritional status and cardiac function, but also their immune function, thus reducing the levels of inflammatory factors. The longer the treatment period is, the more obvious the improvement in patients’ cardiac function and inflammatory factors will be observed. Keywords: enteral nutrition, heart failure, elderly, inflammatory factors, cardiac function