An analysis is made of the composition, location, and cost of the most important elements of the natural-resource potential of the Sea of Okhotsk. The article offers and proves the concept of improving the ecological-economic efficiency of using the natural- resource potential of the Sea of Okhotsk based on the resource specialization of its northeastern and south-western natural economic provinces, as well as the use of the basic economic principle of sustainable development — maintaining total amount of the region’s natural capital in the course of intensive exploitation of its natural resources and services