With advances in modern medicine, diverse tumor therapies have been developed. However, because of a lack of effective methods, the delivery of drugs or micromolecules in the human body has many limitations. Biomaterials are natural or synthetic functional materials that are prone to contact or interact with living systems. Therefore, the application of biomaterials provides innovative anti-tumor strategies, especially in tumor targeting, chemotherapy sensitization, tumor immunotherapy. The combination of biomaterials and drugs provides a promising strategy to overcome the biological barriers of drug delivery. Nanomaterials can target specific tumor sites to enhance the efficiency of tumor therapies and decrease the toxicity of drug through passive targeting, active targeting and direct targeting. Additionally, biomaterials can be used to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, modifiable biomaterials can induce effective anti-tumor immune response. Currently, the developmental trend of biomaterial for drug delivery is motivated by the combination and diversification of different therapies. With interdisciplinary development, a variety of anti-tumor strategies will emerge in an endless stream to bring great hope for tumor therapy. In this review, we will discuss the anti-tumor strategies based on nanoparticles and injectable scaffolds.