The goal of this study was to determine the effect of incorporating ethanolic Prosopis farcta extract (PFE, 0 and 0.5%) and curcumin nanoparticles (CCM, 0, 0.1 and 0.2%) into sodium alginate (SA) coating on shelf-life of refrigerated and frozen rainbow trout fillets during storage lasting for 12 days and 6 months, respectively. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of designated coatings were examined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate free radical scavenging activity and broth microdilution methods, respectively. The highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities were found in CCM 0.2% + PFE 0.5% and CCM 0.1% + PFE 0.5%. The CCM 0.2% + PFE 0.5% and CCM 0.1% + PFE 0.5% treatments could significantly extend the shelf-life of fresh trout fillets for 12 days during refrigerated storage evidenced by the 3.6 to 4.3 and 3 to 3.7 log CFU/g decrease in the microbial population in comparison with the untreated group, respectively. At the end of refrigerated storage time, the chemical change in all treated fillets was significantly lower than the untreated group (P < 0.05). The treatments of frozen trout fillets with SA + different concentrations of PFE and CCM resulted in better microbial and chemical properties than of the untreated group at the end of storage period (P < 0.05). PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Antimicrobial edible coatings from natural renewable resources have been found to be very useful in the food preservation field owing to the increasing consumer interest for the improvement of shelf-life property and appearance of fresh foodstuffs. Rainbow trout fillets without chemical preservatives have a limited shelf-life due to its biological properties. This study indicates the possibility of application of sodium alginate coatings containing Prosopis farcta extract and curcumin nanoparticles to increase shelf-life and maintain the quality of refrigerated trout fillets.