The international community generally agrees on the essential role of training and education in the development process. This role is all the more important in the new information and knowledge economy. In fact, this is a field where conflicts arise for example, in terms of values and knowledge transmitted, tensions between universalism and singularities, differentiated access to school according socio economics groups or difference among States. Education economics is at the heart of this paradox between consensual point of view and the existence of strong conflicts. This is due to statistical and empirical studies and also to concepts and theoretical analysis. This article will first deal with the measure of micro and macro economics of teaching and second with the limits of the measure of multidimensional effects of education on development.