The present issue of Amfiteatru Economic Journal addresses the subject of intellectual capital and knowledge management role in developing a sustainable bioeconomy. For the coming future bioeconomy represents a priority of the R&D and innovation policy in the European Union. It aims at biotechnologies progress and their utilization on a larger scale in economical processes capable to provide a sustainable growth by replacing the traditional resources with regenerative biological resources. Bioeconomy means the transfer of the new advanced scientific knowledge in the innovative industrial processes for producing new materials, new food, pharmaceutical and chemical products, and new energy resources. By all these features, bioeconomy represents an intrinsic and vital component of the knowledge economy. In the same time, bioeconomy generates important social transformations supported significantly by the intellectual capital and knowledge management. Research focused on knowledge management and intellectual capital aims at discovering the new ideas and principles of using efficiently and intelligently all the intangible resources of organizations in order to create value for society. While the intellectual capital appears as a potential of organizational intangible resources, knowledge management has been developed as a practical answer to the need of identifying and implementing those models through which managers can use efficiently organizational knowledge to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.