Numerous species of Ehrenb., widely distributed in the world flora, prefer acidic, dystrophic or oligotrophic freshwater habitats with low conductivity and usually occur in epiphytic or epilithic hydrotopes. In Ukraine, only 32 species and eight varieties of were known until this study. For the first time, 9 more species have been recorded mainly from the Cheremsky Nature Reserve, located in Ukrainian Polissya. New findings include 2 species widely distributed in the world flora on most continents and 7 rare species known from several locations, among them , and , which are probably European endemics as they have not been reported from other continents. For the present time in the Cheremsky Nature Reserve, the 20 species recorded here, the highest species richness of in Ukraine, bring the total number of in Ukraine to 41 species, which comprises only 7% of species in the world flora. This is indirect evidence of insufficient investigation of the wetlands in Ukraine where usually is represented with high species richness. Several definitions are suggested to describe morphological features that are peculiar to the diatom frustule particular to the species. The genus Eunotia possesses a mirror-symmetric, , , which may or may not have . Morphological analysis provided in this study revealed the absence of terminal raphe fissures for many species of . Instead, the distal ends of the raphe slits finish on the outer valve surface by funnel holes, sometimes pore-like ones, connected with the helictoglossae. However, in the literature those distal ends of the raphe slits were described erroneously as terminal raphe fissures. For the first time different types of raphe system are grounded. Two species Nörpel-Schempp et al. in Alles et al. and W. Smith ex Gregory were lectotypified.