The publication of Los hijos de Sánchez by the Fondo de Cultura Económica, in December of 1964,precipitated a rupture in the Mexican culture. For certain intellectuals related to the power, the book ofOscar Lewis offended the nation. Protected by the authoritarian government of Gustavo Diaz Ordaz,they caused the resignation of the director of the Fondo de Cultura Económica, the Argentinean ArnaldoOrfila Reynal, and defendant of «communist foreigner». In reaction, five hundred intellectuals of theentire continent supported to Orfila and they stimulated it to create another publishing house: SigloXXI. In the land of «the culture», few events produced the intensity of own positions to the Cold War.The singular objective of this work is to think so that a combat of these characteristics exploded onthe Fondo de Cultura Económica and a singular publisher. Its ampler aim is to contribute to the reflectionon the conditions under which the edition becomes a decisive practice for politics.