Parental Involvement as Basis for Development of Parents-Teacher Association (PTA) Manual

This study investigated parental involvement as a basis for the development of a contextualized Parent Teacher Association (PTA) manual at Nalayahan Elementary School. Specifically, it examined how parent characteristics such as age, sex, civil status, residence, employment status, educational background, and monthly household income influence their engagement across six dimensions of parental involvement, such as parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaborating with the community. The study employed predictive–correlational research design, with 130 parents of Nalayahan Elementary School learners during School Year 2025-2026 serving as respondents through total enumeration. Data were gathered using a structured survey questionnaire and analyzed using weighted mean, Kruskal–Wallis test and the Modified ADDIE Model. The study concludes that while most parents share similar demographic characteristics, being predominantly female, married, high school graduates, low-income earners, and residing near the school, these factors do not solely determine their level of involvement. Parental engagement is more strongly shaped by motivational, attitudinal, relational, and contextual influences. Overall, parents demonstrate a moderate level of involvement, with stronger participation in parenting and communication, and comparatively lower engagement in learning at home, volunteering, decision-making, and community collaboration. Furthermore, demographic variables generally do not significantly predict overall parental involvement, although selected factors such as residence, sex, household income, and educational background influence specific domains of engagement. Based on these conclusions, a contextualized PTA manual was developed to provide structured, inclusive, and practical guidelines aimed at strengthening meaningful parental involvement and enhancing home–school partnerships. The study is limited to the identified respondents and selected variables and relies on self-reported data, which may affect the generalizability of the results.