Research Article

Exploring Work Flexibility, e-Work Self-Efficacy, Well-Being, and Individual Work Performance of Remote Employees: A Structural Equation Model

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Psych Educ Multidisc J, 2026, 51 (10), 1298-1327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.511003, ISSN 2822-4353
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Abstract

The rapid expansion of the digital workforce necessitates a deeper understanding of the psychological and structural factors influencing remote worker productivity. This study aimed to develop a best-fitting structural equation model depicting the interrelationships among work flexibility, e-work self-efficacy, well-being, and individual work performance. Employing a quantitative descriptive-causal research design, data were collected from remote employees across the Davao Region in the Philippines, selected through cluster sampling. Descriptive results revealed that respondents possessed high levels of e-work self-efficacy and well-being, while demonstrating moderate levels of work flexibility and individual work performance. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that work flexibility and e-work self-efficacy are significant positive predictors of individual work performance. In contrast, well-being did not exert a significant direct influence on performance output. The structural equation modeling analysis established a best-fit model, identifying e-work self-efficacy as the most potent determinant, exerting both direct effects on performance and flexibility, and indirect effects on counterproductive work behaviors. The study concludes that sustaining optimal performance in remote environments relies heavily on balancing organizational flexibility with employees’ digital self-regulatory capabilities.

Keywords structural equation modeling well-being philippines individual work performance work flexibility e-work self-efficacy
Authors 2

The team behind this paper

2 authors, 2 institutions.

This paper University of Immaculate Conception — Philippines University of Immaculat… 1 author University of the Immaculate Conception — Philippines University of the Immac… 1 author Ella Faith Torres — corresponding author ET Ella Faith Torres ✉ Rustum Salvaña RS Rustum Salvaña

Readership

506 reads over 10 months.

January 2026 October 2026

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This article is token #7106 of SciMatic Articles (ERC-1155): 1,000,000 tokens, minted once, never more. The chain also stores a fingerprint (SHA-256) of the article's record, so anyone can check that it has not been altered.

HolderWalletTokens
SciMatic 0xc35709…277732 100,000 (10%)
Ella Faith Torres 0xcb23e8…BACB7f 450,000 (45%)
Rustum Salvaña 0x91cC1D…9B1f9f 450,000 (45%)
Content hash 0x2a1bf498e8b5afa9a38256250532fe6996158bc616abf0575b36471377fa3e13

Bibliographic Information

Ella Faith Torres, Rustum Salvaña, (2026). Exploring Work Flexibility, e-Work Self-Efficacy, Well-Being, and Individual Work Performance of Remote Employees: A Structural Equation Model, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 51(10): 1298-1327
Bibtex Citation
@article{ella_faith_torres2026pemj,
author = {Ella Faith Torres and Rustum Salvaña},
title = {Exploring Work Flexibility, e-Work Self-Efficacy, Well-Being, and Individual Work Performance of Remote Employees: A Structural Equation Model},
journal = {Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal},
year = {2026},
volume = {51},
number = {10},
pages = {1298-1327},
doi = {10.70838/pemj.511003},
url = {https://scimatic.org/index.php/show_manuscript/7106}
}
APA Citation
Torres, E.F., Salvaña, R., (2026). Exploring Work Flexibility, e-Work Self-Efficacy, Well-Being, and Individual Work Performance of Remote Employees: A Structural Equation Model. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 51(10), 1298-1327. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.511003

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