We will insist in our analysis on the managerial situation of the four types of firms defined by dimensional characteristics - micro, small, medium and large - working in almost all sectors: industries, trade, transport, agriculture, services, so on. Analysis of managerial viability refers to various fields, coming from the company’s feature of “management system”, as follows: strategies and policies, methodological, decisional, informational, organizational and human resource management, leadership, efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness and sustainability of management system. For this purpose were used important information sources, such as: results of a special survey developed during August - October 2011, based on questionnaire, dedicated to managers and specialists from enterprises, trainers from higher education, researchers and management consultants; interviews’ results based on questionnaire of entrepreneurs and managers of SMEs with the occasion of achieving White Paper of SMEs in 2011, during March-April 2011; theoretical and pragmatic experience of the authors of this study and other members of Romanian Academic Management Society; authors’ involvement in management consultancy offered to companies over the past 22 years and literature from our country and abroad regarding management of Romanian companies.