Patients with presumed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and undergoing MDR-TB treatment from Rajasthan, India. To compare the GenoType MTBDR v.1.0 (MTBDR) assay capacity to detect resistance to ofloxacin, amikacin, capreomycin, kanamycin and ethambutol in with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) using MGIT960™ in sputum samples and isolates. Fifty-three smear-positive sputum samples were tested directly by MTBDR and 205 MDR-TB isolates were processed using MTBDR and DST for five drugs on MGIT960. DNA sequencing was performed in isolates with discordance in the results between the two methods for the AB and . Sensitivity and specificity of MTBDR was found to be respectively 93.1% and 100% for fluoroquinoline, respectively 75-78% and 100% for aminoglycosides/cyclopeptides, respectively 70% and 92% for ethambutol and respectively 92.3% and 100% for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB detection. On sequencing eight discordant isolates for quinolones, mutations were seen in 12.5% of the B gene and among 20 discordant isolates for aminoglycosides/cyclopeptides in the gene in 15% isolates. The turnaround time was 2 days for MTBDR vs. 10 days for MGIT960. MTBDR can be used as an initial rapid test for detecting XDR-TB, resistance to quinolones and aminogycosides/cyclopeptides in smear-positive sputum samples.