Five new members of the salinilactone family, salinilactones D-H, are reported. These bicyclic lactones are produced by Salinispora bacteria and display extended or shortened alkyl side chains compared to the recently reported salinilactones A-C. They were identified by GC/MS, gas chromatographic retention index and comparison with synthetic samples. We further investigated the occurrence of salinilactones across six newly proposed Salinispora species to gain insight into how compound production varies among taxa. The growth inhibiting effect of this compound family on multiple biological systems including non-Salinispora actinomycetes were analyzed. Additionally, we found strong evidence for significant cytotoxicity of the title compounds.