Recent advances in Staphylococcus aureus infection: focus on vaccine development Shamshul Ansari,1 Rajesh Kumar Jha,2 Shyam Kumar Mishra,3 Birendra Raj Tiwari,4 Ahmed Morad Asaad51Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; 2Department of Systems and Diseases (Pharmacology), Saba University School of Medicine, Saba, Dutch Caribbean; 3Department of Microbiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; 4Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, BWI; 5Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptAbstract: Staphylococcus aureus normally colonizes the nasal cavity and pharynx. After breaching the normal habitat, the organism is able to cause a number of infections at any site of the body. The development of antibiotic resistance has created a global challenge for treating infections. Therefore, protection by vaccines may provide valuable measures. Currently, several vaccine candidates have been prepared which are either in preclinical phase or in early clinical phase, whereas several candidates have failed to show a protective efficacy in human subjects. Approaches have also been made in the development of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for passive immunization to protect from S. aureus infections. Therefore, in this review we have summarized the findings of recently published scientific literature to make a concise report.Keywords: active immunization, passive immunization, Staphylococcus aureus, vaccine