Robust and sustainable cellulose composite aerogels were prepared by incorporating MgAl-layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) as green nanofillers and flame retardants. Two series of aerogels combining MgAl-CO LDH (MA-C) and MgAl-HPO LDH (MA-P) were achieved, in which both MA-C and MA-P were uniformly dispersed in cellulose substances. The cellulose composite aerogels with 1.8 wt% of MA-C (denoted as CAC) and MA-P (denoted as CAP) displayed excellent mechanical properties, increased by 2.6 and 2.8 times compared with neat cellulose aerogels (CA), respectively. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of CAC and CAP reduced by 41 % and 50 % compared with the neat one, respectively, demonstrating the outstanding flame retardancy. The reduction in smoke production ratio (SPR) was 79 % for CAC and 75 % for CAP, respectively, indicating enhanced smoke suppression performance. Therefore, the high performance flame-retardant cellulose composite aerogels exhibit an application prospect in green advanced engineering field.