Recurrent non-coding U1-snRNA mutations drive cryptic splicing in Shh medulloblastoma.
Abstract
Recurrent somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cancer are largely confined to protein-coding genes, and are rare in most paediatric cancers. Here we report highly recurrent hotspot mutations of U1 spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in ~50% of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastomas (Shh-MB), which were not present across other medulloblastoma subgroups. This U1-snRNA hotspot mutation (r.3a>g), was identified in <0.1% of 2,442 cancers across 36 other tumour types. Largely absent from infant Shh-MB, the mutation occurs in 97% of adults (Shhδ), and 25% of adolescents (Shhα). The U1-snRNA mutation occurs in the 5' splice site binding region, and snRNA mutant tumours have significantly disrupted RNA splicing with an excess of 5' cryptic splicing events. Mutant U1-snRNA-mediated alternative splicing inactivates tumour suppressor genes (PTCH1), and activates oncogenes (GLI2, CCND2), represents a novel target for therapy, and constitutes a highly recurrent and tissue-specific mutation of a non-protein coding gene in cancer.
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59216
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59216
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10.1038/s41586-019-1650-0
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