Comparative effectiveness of antifungal agents in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Hui-Chen Su,1 Yi-Ming Hua,1 I Jung Feng,2 Hung-Chang Wu31Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan; 2Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan; 3Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, TaiwanPurpose: The aim of this study was to use a network meta-analysis to evaluate the relative efficacy of various agents at preventing invasive fungal infections (IFIs). In this way, suitable prophylactic regimens may be selected for patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing the prophylactic effects of two antifungal agents or an antifungal agent and a placebo administered to patients with HSCT. Relevant studies were found in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Unpublished studies were collected from the ClinicalTrials.gov registry.Results: Sixteen two-arm studies were identified. Compared with placebo, all six antifungal agents (amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, micafungin, posaconazole, and voriconazole) presented with greater efficacy at controlling proven IFIs. OR ranged from 0.08 to 0.29. Voriconazole (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA]