In the context of conflict on communal land ownership between Lewobunga and Lewonara Villages, in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia this article found that not all the western sociological theories are relevant to analyze social conflicts in Indonesia which culturally diverse in the both villages. Generally, this article attempts to examine two main issues. First, to examine the existing sociological theories in relations with the local communal land ownership in Indonesia. Second, to examine the sociological theories in the context of communal land ownership conflict between Lewonara and Lewobunga villages. This is qualitative research with Hermeneutic Reproductive approach and the result of this article obtained from the fieldwork data.