Gloves that come into contact with food are required to comply with the Japanese Food Sanitation Act. However, it has been reported that licensed food establishments do not always use gloves that meet these requirements. In this study, evaporation residue tests were conducted on polyvinyl chloride gloves, and qualitative analysis of migrants was performed to assess compliance with the positive list. Furthermore, the contents and migration levels of six phthalates were quantified. While samples labeled as compliant with the Act met the standards, all samples that were either non-labeled or of unknown compliance exceeded the evaporation residue standard when heptane was used as a food-simulating solvent. Analysis of the major migrant substances revealed that some components in two samples were not included on the positive list. Moreover, quantification of six phthalates revealed that one sample contained bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The migration level of this sample was approximately 3000 µg/mL. These findings indicate the need for enhanced guidance to licensed food establishments to promote the use of compliant gloves, as well as increased awareness among general consumers.